National French Week La Semaine du Français

Organized by the American Association of Teachers of French (AATF), National French Week is an annual celebration of French language and francophone cultures. AATF organizations, Alliance franà §aise branches, and French departments across the country will join in promoting French and everything that goes along with it with assorted activities and events. The purpose of National French Week is to increase our communitys understanding and appreciation of the francophone world by finding interesting and entertaining ways of looking at how French touches our lives. Its also a chance to learn about the dozens of countries and millions of people who speak this beautiful language. Activities for National French Week If you are a French teacher, National French Week is the perfect opportunity to organize in-class and/or extracurricular events for current or potential students. Here are a few ideas. Celebrate! - Have a French-themed celebration.Citation du jour - Discuss quotations by great French and Francophone thinkers.Community - Find other French speakers, students, and teachers.Culture - Discuss French and francophone cultures, literature, art.Dialects - Compare and contrast French spoken around the world, give presentations.Food Drink - cheese and wine tasting (depending on the age of your students), crà ªpes, fondue, French onion soup, quiche, pissaladià ¨re, ratatouille, croissants, French bread, chocolate mousse, or any number of French foods. Bon appà ©tit  !Francophonie - Learn about the French-speaking world, presentations on francophone countries.French for beginners - Help students get started on the right foot.French in English - Discuss the relationship.Games - Have some fun with French.History - Presentations on French/Francophone history.Inspiration - Why learn French, celebrities who speak French, learners lore.Jobs - Learn about jobs which require Fren ch skills.Living Working in France - Discuss the possibilities.Mot du jour - A quick and painless way to learn a little French every day.Movies - Watch movies for extra listening practice, discuss the plot and language used, have a French film festival.Music - Introduce students to French music, type up lyrics so they can sing along.Posters - Decorate your home, office, or classroom.Proficiency - Discuss proficiency and discover your own.Schools - Discuss study possibilities.Spanish is Easier than French - Dispel the myth.Tests - See how well you do.Today in Francophone History - Important people and eventsTravel - Discuss past, future, and dreamed of vacations; make travel posters. And dont forget those all important expressions: Libertà ©, Égalità ©, Fraternità © and Vive la France  !

Freedom Of Speech America - 3324 Words

America is a land whose roots are nourished by equality, opportunity, and freedom. The first amendment that our forefathers sought to proclaim was that of freedom of speech. In doing so, all men were allowed to speak their minds, regardless of how it might impact someone else. This was a concept that was relatively marred since its conception in ancient Greece. Free loving nations have always sought to increase the happiness of its citizens, yet it has always failed. America is a benchmark of liberty that showed what a consensus of people with different backgrounds could do. The concept would surely become Americas’ greatest asset. Freedom of speech generates a society where all ideas can exist and be heard, regardless of the content. This allows all people to conflict, exchange ideologies, and find common ground without threat of physical violence at any point. More importantly, this creates an open discussion where those of the same mind set can come together and work to try to produce their own utopia. New ideas and exchange cause a boom in technology and industry that propelled America into a world superpower within a short amount of time. The first amendment also declares that all religion is free to practice as long as it does not interfere with another humans’ right to live. Religion was also restricted from directly interfering with the affairs of government. Even though it is inevitable that certain religious principles will seep through with the majority of theShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Freedom Of Speech966 Words   |  4 Pagesin this reflective essay. What does America mean to you? While For me personally, America mean Freedom to be creative, rights, higher education, and priorities of job. In another I view America as a fourth of July and well developed country. Also, it’s the land of the opportunity and melting pot country where anyone can come. Americans have more freedom than most other countries around the world. We have many greats thing such as the freedom of speech, freedom to vote, justice, law, and we have opportunityRead MoreAmerica Is Known For Its Freedom Of Speech1682 Words   |   7 PagesAmerica is known for its freedom of speech. The dynamics of the American political system gives the American people a voice in what goes on in the government. The right to vote gives all citizens the opportunity to vote on various positions in the government and local areas. Political parties perform a number of functions for the American political system. The functions and components of political parties, interest group activity, electoral politics, public opinion, political participationRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : The United State Of America Essay1263 Words   |  6 PagesI. FREEDOM OF SPEECH Freedom of Speech was developed during the beginning stages of reformation of the United State of America in association of the first 10 amendments of the birth of the U.S. Constitution. Coming from a world of history of war to prove what is considered rights, the new settles of the United States begged to preach their beliefs for liberty and no concern. The new country was at a demand for basic human freedoms and the Bill of Rights were formed. The U.S. Constitution was signedRead MoreFreedom of Speech in America and Its Limits Essay2413 Words   |  10 Pagesdemocratic nations in the world, the United States has had its own fair share of issues with hate speech. There has been a lot of controversy over whether hate speech should be regulated. In analyzing the concept of free speech, one cannot ignore that it does not occur in a vacuum. There have been all types of debasements ranging from ethnic, religious, racial and gendered stereotyping. Freedom of speech inherently includes al l other fundamental human rights. Hence, as acknowledged through natural rightsRead MoreAmerican History : Essential American Documents1353 Words   |  6 PagesRoosevelt s â€Å"Four Freedoms† speech and â€Å"Request for Declaration of War on Japan†, Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"Gettysburg Address† and â€Å"Second Inaugural Address†, and Susan B Anthony’s â€Å"Women’s Right to the Suffrage†. These five speeches changed America at the time to what we have and live by today. The first, of the five, is Franklin Delano Roosevelt s â€Å"Four Freedoms† speech. â€Å"In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.† - FranklinRead MoreAmeric Essential American Document1356 Words   |  6 PagesRoosevelt s â€Å"Four Freedoms† speech and â€Å"Request for Declaration of War on Japan†, Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"Gettysburg Address† and â€Å"Second Inaugural Address†, and Susan B Anthony’s â€Å"Women’s Right to the Suffrage†. These five speeches changed America at the time to what we have and live by today. The first, of the five, is Franklin Delano Roosevelt s â€Å"Four Freedoms† speech. â€Å"In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.† - FranklinRead MoreAmeric Essential American Document1356 Words   |  6 PagesRoosevelt s â€Å"Four Freedoms† speech and â€Å"Request for Declaration of War on Japan†, Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"Gettysburg Address† and â€Å"Second Inaugural Address†, and Susan B Anthony’s â€Å"Women’s Right to the Suffrage†. These five speeches changed America at the time to what we have and live by today. The first, of the five, is Franklin Delano Roosevelt s â€Å"Four Freedoms† speech. â€Å"In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.† - FranklinRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Gettysburg Address1161 Words   |  5 PagesMany years ago, America was not the country that is today, it had to fight for territory and freedom. Although it s become a country ruled by the people. People had to elect a president that fulfilled the expectations to expand and to create a successful country. Each of the chosen presidents left a mark; some achieved many good things and others failed. One of the big events that contribute to the way America is designed today was the civil war of 1861.During this war president, Abraham LincolnRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Gettysburg Address And I Have A Dream Speech1065 Words   |  5 PagesPowerful Speeches â€Å"When we allow freedom to ring -when we let it ring from every city and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children...will be able to join hands and sing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is the, slightly shortened, end quote of the famous I Have a Dream speech by. The Gettysburg address was a major turning point in American history for the topic of slavery. Martin Luther King Jrs I Have a Dream speech assisted in this Civil Rights movementRead MorePresident Franklin D. Roosevelt Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights and keep them† (The Four Freedoms). Prior to the U.S. entry into World War II, the American people were reluctant of being involved with the affairs of the world. Through a turn events and the persuasive actions of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the country was re-geared for mobiliza tion and war against tyranny in whichever form it presented itself. The President delivered many great

The Shifting of Imperial Power Free Essays

The Shifting of Imperial Power and its Effects on the Indian Rebellion of 1857 Koala Collins HEISTS: world History Since 1500 March 18th, 2014 The Shifting of Imperial Power and its effects on the Indian Rebellion of 1857 Before the British Empire even set a foot in India, there was a thriving civilization known as Hindustan that occupied the area. As mentioned in the lectures by Dry. Cotton, the McHugh people were powerful people of Islamic faith who swept into this region in the late sass and early sass and began to implement their ruling system over the people of Hindustan, and grew wealthy off of the labor and resources of the Natives. We will write a custom essay sample on The Shifting of Imperial Power or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, it is the specific ways the McHugh Empire exercised this power that made them so successful in governing this area. It is the observation and imitation of this power system that allows the British Empire to slowly assert and expand their rule over India later in the sass. Therefore, it is due to these power changes and shifts from the traditional power structure of the McHugh Empire to that of a strict, Imperialistic British Empire, that resentment of foreign occupation by the Native peoples of India grew strong enough to warrant a rebellion on their part against the British occupiers in the mid-sass. When the McHugh Empire conquered the Hindustan peoples in the late sass, a man by the name of Baber was at the head of the McHugh Empire. 2 However, as Baber entered the scene he did not oppress the peoples of Hindustan or impose strict laws demanding the assimilation of their culture to that of the McHugh people, and neither did his successors. In addition, as noted in lecture, his later successors such as, Kafka, who worked to expand the territory of the domain, decided that the est. form of power to ensure the cooperation of the conquered peoples was that which let them govern themselves for the most part. Although the Empire built up impressive displays of Islamic and McHugh might such as the various Mosques and architectural works of art such as the Tax Mall, they did not force their religious beliefs on the Hindustan people, but allowed them to continue their practice of their Hindu religion and cultural customs. 4 Furthermore, McHugh leadership put Native, non-Muslim officials , called Seminars, in certain mains of power in order to increase the cooperation of the native peoples for the wealth of the McHugh Empire and its leaders. This system of power encouraged the cooperation of the natives, which helped expand the wealth of the McHugh Empire that began to attract the eyes of other wealthy empires such as the British Empire. At first the British did not come as weapon-wielding conquers of the Mussels. It was only through the permission granted by the Nash and Maharajah, who were, as cited in lecture, McHugh and Indian Princes respectively, that the British were allowed to build trading posts and factories in the Empire. The rulers of the McHugh Empire saw this as a beneficial trading relationship in which both empires could work together to bring wealth to their countries. Overtime the British presence began to grow in India, and the development of the powerful East India Company helped give an even stronger economic foothold for the British in America. 7 However, the relationships were not hostile between the British and the people of the McHugh Empire, nor with the natives of India. In fact, the image from the Lecture of Kelsey Snyder, is of a painting that depicts this specific time period in history in which there is a typical McHugh parade taking place and all of the natives are armed with British Muskets. 8 The synthetics shows the harmony of the cultures, and the willingness of the British to arm these people depicts the imitation of the McHugh exertion of power, or rather the allowance of certain freedoms and tolerance of Native peoples to derive the cooperation of the natives. However, as the British Empire began to change internally, their form of rule in their colonies began to change. Britain had begun to expand into a more literate culture with issues of morality, especially regarding the slave trade, becoming popular topics of writing and debate. 9 The attitude of Great Britain towards her colonies began to change to that of a greater Imperialistic culture with aims to improve the morality and education of the world beginning in herself and then her colonized areas. 0 Around this time in the mid-sass the McHugh Empire had weakened from corruption and it was during this time period that the McHugh Emperor Mir Safari awarded one of the most powerful positions in the Empire of tax electing called the Dianna-I to a British military officer named Robert Clive. 1 1 With such economic power in the State now in the Hands of the British, their confidence increased, and due to the moral revival in Great Britain there developed a push by the British to spread Ch ristian beliefs, and education throughout the colonies, which in their eyes, included the Indian peoples. The feelings of Racism also began to grow which increased tensions between the British and the Native peoples. This can be exemplified in the fictional but historically accurate story of The Siege of Krishna. The section reads, â€Å"if the native was coming either directly towards them†¦ It was fair to assume that his intentions were mischievous and they could blow him to smithereens,† which depicted the generalized loathing that these British soldiers had towards the Native peoples no matter the true intention of the man, and the labeling them all as one â€Å"mischievous† person groups all Native people into one negative image. 2 Moreover, the final straw that forced the Indian Revolt in the mid-sass, as related in lecture, was the refusal of the Native soldiers to load their weapons cause of the use of pig and cow grease that coated the cartridges that must be torn off by the teeth to insert into the muskets. 13 As revealed in lecture, these men were loyal sold iers of the British crown, but refused to compromise their religious beliefs by consuming a part of the cow that was sacred in their religion, Just to adhere to British rule. 4 The retaliation of the British for insubordination of by the Native soldiers sparked Native anger. Dry. Cotton stated in lecture, that this event showed the failure of the British to recognize the importance of the religion of the datives, and unlike the McHugh Empire, the British Crown tried to force their beliefs upon the native military men inciting an Indian Revolt in 1857 that left many dead, and a stain in the history of the British Crown. Because of their shift to Imperialistic control, and their push for assimilation of the Native peoples the British thrust the Native peoples past their limits, which led to the bloody revolt. Therefore, although the British were successful in the beginning of their occupation of the Indian Territory and engaged in wealthy commerce, it was because of their shift to a more rueful and imperialistic rule, they were unable to pacify the natives, and instead drove them to revolt under their leadership. The abandonment of McHugh idea of power delegation to Seminars, and Dianna-is, left the British implementing their imperialistic rule from their moral revival. The collapse of the McHugh Empire solidified the economic strength that Great Britain held in the country and led to their increasing aggressive and racist attitudes towards the Indian people. Lastly, the ignorance of the British to honor the religious and cultural principles of the Native peoples, and what they believed to be Justified aggressiveness in their shift to a more dominating imperialistic rule, is what led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857. How to cite The Shifting of Imperial Power, Papers

Strategic Information System of Woolworths-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information System Woolworths Limited. Answer: Figure 1: Current organizational structure of Woolworths Limited (Source: Arli et al. 2013, pp-23) The operational problems the company is facing due to this structure Due to the organizational structure currently the company is facing a major challenge that is affecting the revenue model of the company. With the help of new cloud contact centre and platform the company is willing to change and develop their existing organizational structure. The main operation level challenge that Woolworths Limited is facing is improper digital business platform (Wang and Tan 2015). The Customer Relationship Management (CRM) approach that Woolworths Limited utilizing is not at all appreciable from both the consumers and business perspectives. The customers of Woolworths fail to interact with their owners due to improper CRM (Rose, Hawryszkiewycz and Kang 2015). On the other hand, the company do not use open communication approaches and for this reason the employees do not feel free to interact with the higher authority to share their point of views. Again due to the external environmental condition the growth strategy of Woolworths Limited is getting highly affected by their competitors. For promoting and giving competition to some companies Woolworths has raise some of the product prices (Bailey 2017). The growth of Woolworths Limited is affecting due to the governmental intervention. The company failed to adopt proper protection data storage mechanisms and for lack of security, they are losing many consumers throughout Australia. The most likely system acquisition method used by Woolworths Limited In order to reduce the identified issues different issue mitigation technologies and mechanisms are available in the market however based on the type of business the management authority is required to adopt the most suitable application (Klettner, Clarke and Boersma 2014). The identifies options are commercial software, customer software and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) However the company has implemented SAP ERP for managing huge amount of data with a higher security mechanism. Though, besides the ERP, for establishing accurate interaction between the consumers and service providers for Woolworths Limited it is necessary to adopt the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software. After analyzing the current market situation of Woolworth Limited it has been found that the company is facing major challenges due to lack of proper managerial operation. As day by day the numbers of consumers are increasing thus it is becoming very difficult to manage large set of information manually (Mertens, et al. 2016). In order to mitigate the traditional data management issues the company has adopted ERP system. With SAP ERP it has gained huge and secured information storage. The SAP ERP helps to increase the flexibility and application suitable customer solution for their consumers. Not only will this but also for the industry specific modules the users be able to gain highly integrated solution. The overall cost for sales processing got diminished after the adoption of SAP ERP. Even the time for calculating the selling price also reduced and the onetime event in terms of increased cash flow is another advantage that the company has gained after the adoption of SAP ERP. The order delivery time and the invoice processing time are also reduced for the ERP (Das Nair and Dube 2017). The timely information processing reduces the payment processing time. Even the huge array module with large spectrum of functionalities fails to provide other ERP application but this SAP software is able to provide all the application requirements. Description and preparation of system flowchart of the sales procedure of the company Figure 2: System flowchart for Woolworths Limited (Source: created by author) According to the above diagram, the sales processing approach of Woolworths Limited is maintaining every general factor. The process starts with consumer data gathering and ends up with either successful or unsuccessful sales (Bailey 2017). If the sales opportunities are utilized properly then the sale will be unsuccessful which is not even beneficial to the consumers and not even profitable to the business owners. However in order to gain measurable success from the competitive market it is necessary to understand every individual aspects of the sales flowchart developed for Woolworth Limited. Identification of the control problem of the system It has been found that different kinds of challenges risks are associated in the system and those might face possible frauds. Due to fraud the revenue model of the company will also be affected. Though ERP is one of the most widely used technical solution for any business organization but proper management and control of the system is needed to achieve the accurate outcome (Yigitbasioglu, Mackenzie and Low 2013). The components those are associated to ERP solution include business intelligence, CRM, financial management, manufacturing and distribution. Due to negative outcome of the company the revenue structure of the company will be affected very badly (Madurapperuma 2015). The ERP systems are basically resides over multiple numbers of computers thus challenges might occur regarding optimum coordination between the systems. Improper online reporting could negatively impact the data reliability and availability. Another technical complexity of the system is incorrect configuration. In order to combat this issue proper cross field checking and alternative data viewing approaches are required to be adopted and at the same time certain data storage security mechanism should be adopted to minimize the rate of data hacking (Ma 2015). Again, through online data processing the data transaction will be done in a balanced manner and at the same time the demand for data validation could be served properly. Development and adoption of accounting software package Data management is referred to as one of the most frequently raised issues that are continuously affecting the revenue model of any business organization. In order to mitigate the data management oriented issues it is necessary to adopt proper accounting software package considering the business type (Ma 2015). It provides effective platform to the consumers through the help of internet services with a fees on monthly or yearly basis in spite of high IT maintenance cost, IT infrastructure, purchasing expensive. The employees who are working for the organization will be able to work on the organizational content through the help of the cloud accounting using different kinds of devices (Steele, Smith and Steele 2015). Different issues might occur during the data processing period and these roadblocks could be completely eliminated with the help of accounting software package. More than 1000 companies are currently using the MYOB accounting software for managing and arranging their data in an organized manner. The users of the accounting software packages will be able to access information regardless of any location and time as well (Wang and Tan 2015). For effective financial management, also the business organizations are relied on accounting packages. It helps to automate the manual data processing with advanced design control approaches by detecting and eliminating different kinds of redundancy errors (Rose, Hawryszkiewycz and Kang 2015). A solid budget could be completely exhausted with hardware, accounting fees and operating system. The current market size It has been found that there are many accounting software package providers in Australia however, based on the business types the software are selected by the management authorities of the organizations. The effective implementation of MYOB is referred to as one of the planned processes. MYOB also serves trail version for the companies to communication and data migration (Daru 2015). MYOB is able to provide proper return to Australia security exchange. Based on initial share price, the business of MYOB is worth a more than of $2.5billion. However, just after the opening of the company it will be able to provide $3.90. MYOB claims many products and services throughout Australia to more than 1.2 million of people (Ng, Harrison and Akroyd 2013). The initial value of share price $3.65 is being increased up to $800 million over only 2 to 3 years. Identification of the leaders that gives competitive advantages There are different business organizations that are using the different accounting software packages based on their products and services. Many accounting software providers are there such as Xero, Saasu, QuickBooks etc (Madurapperuma 2015). Most of the medium and small business organizations use the accounting software packages for managing the organizational information with reduced error. However, Xero is the biggest competitor to MYOB. Factors MYOB XERO Setup and access The accounting software package services their services through online application. Xero also provides online services to their consumers and the trial version is very much helpful. Affordability The subscription charged by MYOB is between $29 and $65 and based on the operational management the subscriptions are selected by the organizations. According to the offered subscription Xero charges $19, $49 $64 per month. However, for the small and medium business, Xero offers the subscription of $49. Accessibility On the other hand, MYOB provides live account access to the users. The premium software allows more than 50 users to access the server at a time without any kind of error (Culley et al. 2017). The users of Xero allow the users to access the server through login details. Security MYOB serves proper commitment to secure data from the external attackers. None of the unauthenticated users are able to access data from the server without proper permission. No such data security issues are determined with Xero. With the help of SSL certificates each data are secured from the external attacks. It has proper encryption keys to protect data from the external attackers. Data backup MYOB provides proper data backup. It allows the users to create backup facility so that if any kind of disaster took place, the company could be able to retrieve data from the backup server. Due to the stringent backup policy no such data backup practices are available in case of Xero. However offsite backup approaches are available in Xero. Identification of current gaps and challenges encountered by e users of the accounting software After analyzing the services and practices served by MYOB it has been found that, different issues are associated to it those are completely required to be mitigated (Madurapperuma 2015). The gaps or challenges encountered by the user of MYOB accounting software packages are as follows: Security issues: Security is referred to as one of the most important factors that are strictly required to be considered by the company who are adopting accounting software package for data management (Ng, Harrison and Akroyd 2013). Sometimes the online contents are found to be vulnerable enough thus those could be accessed or hijacked by the external attackers very easily. Utilization: Another risk associated to online accounting software is its utilization. The system architecture is very much complex and due to this reason the system is not that much user friendly (Steele, Smith and Steele 2015). In order to avoid the user level complexity the users are unable to apply the functions and operation properly. Relevant recommendation In order to mitigate the challenges proper relevant recommendations are required to be served. The recommendations are as follows: Training and development: Proper training and development are required to be arranged by the management authority of the organizations. Security: Encryption and firewall should be developed to mitigate the operational and functional issues. Conclusion The chances of data fraud and theft also keep on increasing after the utilization of accounting software packages. In order to create proper relationship between the consumers and the service providers it is necessary to identify and resolve the issues. Due to high level security in terms of encryption technology, unauthorized users will not be able access information stored in the data server. A much serious competitive advantage could be gained with the help of accounting software package. The company named as Woolworths Limited uses MYOB accounting software package for managing their employee and customer data References Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R. and Soldo, E., 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business Accountancy Ventura,16(1). Bailey, M., 2017. Absorptive Capacity, International Business Knowledge Transfer, and Local Adaptation: Establishing Discount Department Stores in Australia.Australian Economic History Review,57(2), pp.194-216. Bailey, M., 2017. Absorptive Capacity, International Business Knowledge Transfer, and Local Adaptation: Establishing Discount Department Stores in Australia.Australian Economic History Review,57(2), pp.194-216. Culley, B., Graham, J., Kay, G., Norberry, J. and Wilson, S., 2017. Digital Marketing Plan: Naked Wines Australia.Newcastle Business School Student Journal,1(1), pp.68-89. Daru, M.U., 2015. Role of computerized accounting in banking sector.International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences,4(2), pp.26-34. Das Nair, R. and Dube, S.C., 2017. Growth and Strategies of Large, Lead Firms-Supermarkets. Dunbar, K., Laing, G. and Wynder, M., 2016. A content analysis of accounting job advertisements: Skill requirements for graduates.The E-Journal of Business Education Scholarship of Teaching,10(1), p.58. Klettner, A., Clarke, T. and Boersma, M., 2014. The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), pp.145-165. Ma, X., 2015. The adoption of cloud computing for small and medium accounting firms. Madurapperuma, M.W., 2015. The impact of embedding information and communication technology content in accounting courses and its effect on overall students performance. Mertens, W., Recker, J., Kummer, T.F., Kohlborn, T. and Viaene, S., 2016. Constructive deviance as a driver for performance in retail.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,30, pp.193-203. Ng, F., A. Harrison, J. and Akroyd, C., 2013. A revenue management perspective of management accounting practice in small businesses.Meditari Accountancy Research,21(2), pp.92-116. Rose, J., Hawryszkiewycz, I. and Kang, K., 2015, July. Evaluating Information Systems for Collaborative Wellness. InThe Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS). AIS. Steele, A., Smith, L. and Steele, A., 2015. Web and Social Media Adoption in the Manawatu Retail Clothing Sector. Wang, W. and Tan, F.T.C., 2015. A Benefit Expectation Management Framework for Supply Chain Management Systems. InEnterprise Systems. Strategic, Organizational, and Technological Dimensions(pp. 247-270). Springer, Cham. Yigitbasioglu, O., Mackenzie, K. and Low, R., 2013. Cloud Computing: How does it differ from IT outsourcing and what are the implications for practice and research?.The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research,13, pp.99-121.

A Comprehensive PET-CT Database for Tracking Patient Variables

A Comprehensive PET-CT Database for Tracking Patient Variables Free Online Research Papers Abstract: A relational database was developed tracking demographic and examination information for patients undergoing PET/CT studies. Methods: A worksheet was first developed to capture patient and study information which was then entered into a relational database. Reports were designed to provide administrative and clinical information. Results: Approximately 2000 patients and three years of data have been recorded in the database. Reports have been used for administrative and research purposes. Conclusion: The database provided reports used to justify staffing, expenditures, and growth. It has also provided research data as well as clinical feedback used to improve the care and management of our patients. Introduction: In July 2003, the Medical College of Georgia installed a PET/CT scanner in its Radiation Therapy Outpatient Center. The scanner is used to perform a variety of diagnostic and oncology-related procedures. In order to be able to retroactively derive research data, a means of tracking patients as well as their individual studies was needed. Although a previously existing diagnostic PET scanner was in use, only radiopharmaceutical records were kept. In the radiation therapy PET/CT environment we felt it important to record additional information obtained from the in-depth patient history and physical. Materials and Methods: A worksheet was developed which allows the technologist to record a current medical history. It was designed by the nuclear medicine physician, the on-site radio pharmacist, and the lead PET technologist. Worksheet entries directly correspond to the database fields to simplify data input for the technologist. If funding becomes available for a computer in the incubation area, the technologist will be able to enter the history directly into the database. Worksheets are filled out by the nuclear medicine technical staff but in order to reduce errors, only the certified PET technologists perform data entry. Data has been collected since the inception of the PET/CT unit in August, 2003. The database currently holds approximately 2000 patients each of whom has had from 1 to 6 PET/CT examinations. Because of the complexity of the information to be recorded, it was determined that a relational database rather than a spreadsheet would be the most effective tool. A relational database promotes accuracy and flexibility and also simplifies data input. Rather than the free text fields used in spreadsheets, extensive use was made of drop boxes and radio buttons as shown in figure 1 which provide selection from fixed, pre-established choices. Because a patient can and often does have multiple examinations, one table was established for the patient and a related table for procedures. There is also a table of examination types. Using the relational capability of the database, every procedure is linked to a specific patient and exam type, both of which are selected from drop boxes. Tables were also developed for referring physicians and exam indications. Because information is linked rather than entered as free text, accuracy is improved and consistency is ensured. Current departmental research interests focus on several patient populations including pediatric lymphoma, cervical and gynecological cancer, and patients requiring treatment planning. Specific database fields were selected to allow future correlations of disease and risk factors. In addition, fields were provided related to patient demographics in order to provide regional coverage documentation for the Certificate of Need. As shown in figure 2, pre administrative reports include monthly procedure counts (figure 3), Veteran’s Administration patient volume, patient demographics for the Certificate of Need, and patient referral volume by physician (figure 4). For research purposes, study data in reports can be filtered by examination indications, type of exam, or patient sex, race, age, or risk factors. Results: The database is useful in providing financial reports. These reports are used to correlate contract billing and to monitor coding accuracy. Reports are also useful in looking at volumes in order to monitor productivity and develop future budgets. Database reports organize research data on patients and their studies including demographics, history, and risk factors. The tools associated with a relational database provide statistics useful in the publication of case studies, preparation of lectures, and tracking of research data. Discussion: The database was designed and structured to provide flexibility in the use and presentation of information. One of the advantages of a properly designed database is that the presentation of information can be readily customized. Those entering information into the database as well as the individuals who will be using the results and reports should be involved in the design process. After obtaining all potentially useful information in the proper format, reports can be customized to fit the needs of administrators and researchers. The approach used in the development and use of this database is adaptable to other types of institutions. The focus should be predicting the information required by the specific users as well as simplifying data entry. Well-designed database structure and screens can save time and reduce or eliminate many input errors, thus enhancing productivity and accuracy. Once accurate information is collected in a well-designed format, it is relatively simple for someone proficient with databases to produce customized reports. This is especially important because users often have changing needs and interests over time. Below are examples of reports which administrators and clinicians at our institution have found useful: Veteran Patient Volume The reimbursement department uses this data to track billing cycles. Physician Referral Base This information is useful in focusing marketing efforts by identifying areas for development. Pediatric Lymphomas Following pediatric patients over a period of years will help determine improved clinical pathways for disease management. Gynecological Cancers The gynecological clinic is one of our largest referral bases. This information will be used to differentiate needs for customized scanning such as â€Å"dual point† scanning post surgery. Patient Logs and Volumes Reports provide monthly and yearly patient volume data in both textual and graphical format. Accurate volume information allows us to project staffing needs and schedule system maintenance. The printout also provides a hardcopy back-up of invaluable data. Radiation Treatment Planning By tracking the protocol used for each patient, outcomes are improved by retrospectively analyzing clinical patient management. Conclusion: This database has provided hospital administration with accurate and timely reports to justify staffing, expenditures, and growth. It has provided our physicians with a plethora of research data and has provided our technologists with a method of correlative thinking in the care and management of our patients. As volume increases, the need for accurate, easily accessible information becomes more important. The database is being continually modified and new reports are being developed to enhance management and research functions. Use of a PET/CT tracking database should prove helpful to other facilities to exploit the potential of this technology. References: 1. Gardner WD. Breast Cancer Database Provides Faster Access To Patient Records. InformationWeek Web site. 2005. Available at: informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=NBXENMVY3EP5AQSNDBGCKHSCJUMEKJVN?articleID=174400322. Accessed April 28, 2007. 2. Johnson S, Paul T, Khenia A. Generic Database Design for Patient Management Information. American Medical Informatics Association Web site. Available at: amia.org/pubs/symposia/D004062.PDF. Accessed April 28, 2007. 3. Friedman C, Hripcsak G, Johnson SB, Cimino JJ, Clayton PD. A Generalized Relational Scheme for an Integrated Clinical Patient Database. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care. Washington, D.C. 1990. 4. Essin DJ, Lincoln TL. Implementing a Low-cost Computer-based Patient Record: A controlled vocabulary reduces database design complexity. In: Gardner R, ed. Nineteenth Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 1995:431-5. Research Papers on A Comprehensive PET-CT Database for Tracking Patient VariablesArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Project Managment Office SystemRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanResearch Process Part OneThe Fifth HorsemanInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThree Concepts of PsychodynamicOpen Architechture a white paper

School Dress Code essays

School Dress Code essays Having students wear school uniforms has been a big debate among communities across the country for several years. The issue of school dress code has both strong supporters and opposition. This essay will consider arguments that school uniform should not be a part of our childrens education and to point out some of the problems with these views. It will then put forth the reasons for the introduction of mandatory dress code programs in schools that do not already have them. Most parents would agree that the main reason they send their children to school is to learn. Things that can help their children learn to the best of their ability are suitable and things that can hurt their chances of getting good education are unacceptable. School violence is a problem in many schools today. One of the answers to insure that children are safe in school is the introduction of school uniforms. According to the U.S. Department of Education, there are many benefits to having school uniforms. School uniforms help decrease violence and theft among students over designer sneakers or clothing, it prevents gang members from wearing gang colors and paraphernalia at school, and it instills discipline in students. Not only do school uniforms decrease violence in school but it also aids in helping students to resist peer-pressure, concentrate on their school work, and helping school officials recognize intruders who come to the school. (manual.) It has been argued that school uniforms violate freedom of expression. Some students feel that they should be allowed to wear whatever they want to school. They believe that clothing is one of the most important ways of expressing themselves. Another concern with the dress code policy is the cost of uniforms for students. Some parents believe that it is in fact more expensive to provide their children with special attire for school as opposed to regular st ...

How skills and knowledge acquired in a simulated environment can be Essay

How skills and knowledge acquired in a simulated environment can be transferable to real clinical situations - Essay Example How skills and knowledge acquired in a simulated environment can be transferable to real clinical situations? An independent variable is a variable that the researcher has control over. In this case, the independent variable in the research was the mode of training adopted for nursing education. The manipulation of this variable was attained by assigning differing models of nursing education delivery, which included clinical simulation-based education and actual clinical placement. The dependent variable is the measured element of interest, which is affected in the research, and in this research the dependent variable was the medication errors (Sears et al., 2010, p. 52). The problem presents an opportunity to bridge the gap in knowledge so as to effectively achieve a reduction in medication errors and make appropriate decisions with regard to placements (Sears et al., 2010, p. 52). The study was justified by the fact that most Canadian Schools found it hard to acquire enough clinical placements for their students. As such, it was necessary to determine whether simulations were as effective as actual placements. The confirmation of efficiency would mean that the shortage of clinical placements would be solved through implementation of simulations. The literature review provided is relevant to the study and it cites the need to bridge an identified gap in knowledge as the rationale behind the study. The connection of the study to previous studies is established, but the previous studies are not critically reviewed. The conceptual framework of the study is clearly stated. However, there is no clear summary of the previous literature.

Industrial and Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Industrial and Economic - Essay Example This paper aims to discuss the impact of industries over the natural habitat and the individual behavior in this regard. Additionally, the past trend and future provisions are discussed in order to bring significant changes before it is too late. In the past few decades industrialization has actually led to the decline of natural habitat. There are various elements which are actually influencing our natural habitat and these are broadly divided into industrial and personal impacts. Industrial Impacts Over The Natural Habitat The planet Earth is facing a lot of problems simultaneously and one of its most significant issues include the climatic changes. Unfortunately the industries which have actually contributed a lot in the progress and development of economies have led the natural habitat to such a declining stage, and if prompt actions are not taken then substantial consequences would have to be faced by the world’s population. Initially scientists were not confronted with t he impact of industrial organizations over the habitat, in fact they were considering some natural phenomenon responsible for what was happening. However, the contemporary research and analysis have authenticated that most of the loss tolerated by the habitat is due to the industrial organizations. ... This indicates that we require developing entirely new strategies which are applicable and beneficial for the overall protection of the habitat (Flannery). Impact of personal behavior We are living in an era where humans are producing immense garbage, something that must not have been produced with such intensity and increasing rate. On individual basis we all indulge in to activities which are seriously damaging for our natural habitat. Whenever we are cleaning our homes and emptying our trash cans we never realize that where the rubbish is going and what harm it is causing to our natural environment. For instance, we throw away all the broken plastic stuff, batteries, leftover food and drinks, plastic bags and a lot more similar things without considering their outcomes over the habitat (Royte). Scientists and social workers have been very active in order to reduce the impact of individual behavior over the decline in habitat. Therefore these wasted items are utilized for different purposes. For instance, in constructing buildings and railways tracks, manufacturing of plastic items etc. However, the utilization of wastes created by humans does not really compensate the loss that has been made to the environment and the natural habitat. This is further elaborated by Elizabeth Royte in her book ‘Garbage Land-on the secret trail of trash’. In this book the author has explained the dirty side of human consumption. It highlights how the waste is thrashed out and where it finally reaches after going through different procedures. Royte has concluded that most of the thrashed out material actually returns back in to our national habitat, thus contributing further to an already

The Monetary Union and UKs Defiance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Monetary Union and UKs Defiance - Essay Example The free movement of goods, services, capital and labour which resulted from the Single Market Programme meant that the member state would be constrained from imposing increases in taxes and regulation which would surely reduce benefits due to increase domestic production costs. To facilitate further trade, the European Union embarked on a venture of establishing a single currency for its members. The result of the EU monetary union was the euro. This currency is currently used by Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. Monaco, San Marino while the Vatican City are licensed to issue and use the euro (UK DTI). It would be the interest of this paper to explore whether this move by UK affected its foreign direct investments economy due to its refraining from a supposedly beneficial single currency. It will also delve, to a limited degree, in the effects of EU enlargement in the UK's FDI. Business Aversion: The Case for Toyota and Nissan In the year 2000, the United Kingdom was threatened with pullouts from major industry players. Industrialists, one after the other, have warned that unless the UK joins Euroland, they will be forced to move their operations out of the country. One of the most prominent of this pro-Euro group is the Nissan Motor Company (UK) which manufactures automobiles from its plant in Sunderland. In April 2000, John Cushnaghan, managing director of Nissan (UK) announced that the high value of the pound was imposing an "unsupportable burden" brought about by exchange rates fluctuations. By May of the same year, the company claimed the strength of the Sterling against the Euro necessitated the need to cut costs by 30 percent. This loss, according to them, could force the company to transfer the production of the next generation of the Micra to be built in French and Spanish Factories transferring a 150 million investment (North, 2005). Another case would be that of the Toyota Motor Manufacturing (UK) LTD which required its British suppliers to use euro for its financial transactions with the company. The move was brought about by the 1999 operating loss in British operations (BBC, 2000). The requirement, Toyota claims, would reduce the risk to the company that it could lose money when converting euros to sterling in order to pay British suppliers (CNN, 2000). Toyota (UK) has a passenger car plant in Derbyshire producing Avensis and Corolla with an initial investment of 1.1billion. It also has an Engine Plant in North Wales with an initial investment of 400m. (Toyota Online, 2006) Toyota has also expressed its propensity to shop around in euro-friendly countries for cheaper goods if the pound remained high. Yoshio Ishizaka, a senior managing director for Toyota, said his

Effects of Vitamin C on Chemotherapy Outcome | Claim Review

Effects of Vitamin C on Chemotherapy Outcome | Claim Review Media Claim on ‘Vitamin C’ gives chemotherapy a boost’ The headline ‘Vitamin C’ gives chemotherapy a boost’ suggested by a US scientist was a misleading and inaccurate statement as the study was looking specific at late stage ovarian cancer. From the study, scientists did not find high dosage of vitamin C help with cancer survival nor reducing the risk of cancer (Ma and Chapman et al., 2014). Yet, the study did show that there was a slight chance of reducing minor chemotherapy side effect. Therefore, the study has been oversimplified and misinterprets results and statements which can lead to assumptions from general public misunderstanding this article resulting in toxicity of vitamin C when overdosed. Overdose of vitamin C can lead to other problems and health disease such as indigestion, diarrhea and iron poisoning which only occurs in people who have rare iron overload disorders – hemochromatosis (Zobel, 1976), lack of vitamin C in the diet can also cause scurvy (Naidu,2003). ‘Vitamin C’ gives chemotherapy a boost’ was published in BBC Health website on 9th February 2014, written by Helen Briggs and science editor. Comments were from Dr Jeanne Drisko, lead researcher Qi Chen and Dr Kat Arnet – science communications manager for Cancer Research UK. The claim is based on a study that was carried out by researchers from University of Kansas in the US and world cancer research fund (WCRF) and American Institute for cancer research (AICR). The article itself was published in the peer-reviewed journal, Science Translation Medicine. Cancer is a condition where specific cells in parts of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably and forming tumours. Cancer cells can invade and destroy surrounding healthy tissue and organs (King and Rotter et al., 1992). Cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream (Mendelsohn, 2008). Many factors have been identified which can increase risk of cancer such as tobacco use, dietary intake, certain infections, environmental radiation, lack of physical exercise, obesity and genetics which potentially can damage genes and causes mutation in cells (Kushi and Byers et al., 2006). Many researchers have found that there are over 200 different types of cancer cells (Schram and Ng, 2012). However, according to Jemal and Bray et al., 2011, many cancers can be prevented by living healthier life styles, one of the factors is reducing excess smoking which can preclude the risk of getting lungs cancer, plus eating plenty of fresh vegetable and fruits, and reducing the intake of meat and carbohydrates can prevent other health factors such as obesity. Ovarian cancer is where cancer cells are found in ovaries. However, the exact causes of cancer still remain unknown (Hunn and Rodriguez, 2012). Women who have had menopause and have not had any children would have a higher chance of developing ovarian cancer (Vo and Carney, 2007). However, ovarian cancer can affect all ages. There are three types of ovarian cancer – epithelial ovarian cancer; germ cell tumours and stromal tumours (Bandera and Era, 2005). The best and effective treatment for ovarian cancer are the combination of surgery and chemotherapy, all treatments are depending on the stages of cancer (Ehrlich and Teitelbaum et al., 2007). Vitamin C also known as ascorbic acid acts as an antioxidant; an oxidative stress; an enzyme cofactor for the biosynthesis, also most importantly vitamin C acts an electron donor for enzymes (Vobecky and Shapcott et al., 1975). Acting as an antioxidant prevents free radicals during oxidation reaction to form chain reactions in cells which can damage or kill cells. Instead, antioxidant interacts with those chain reactions by removing free radicals and inhibits other oxidation reactions in the cells, protecting against lip peroxidation, reducing nitrates and stimulating the immune system (Bender, 1993). Vitamin C has also shown to inhibit formation of carcinogens and protects DNA from mutagenic attack and most vitamin C is found in critic fruits (Combs, 2012). Furthermore, Ma and Chapman et al., 2014 stated that the study was looking if vitamin C could potentially be a cancer treatment and the study was mainly looking into women who are in their late stage ovarian cancer. BBC’s report on this study was miscellaneous as there were some bias comments towards the study, but BBC did include some accurate quotes from the study such as the sample size only 22 patients were participated which showed that the study was not reliable as the sample size was too small to prove whether vitamin C helped to kill cancer cells or increase survival rate (Park, 2013). Moreover, the title ‘Vitamin C’ gives chemotherapy a boost’ was misleading as the study found no supportive evidences that vitamin C can prevent cancer, only can inhibit some mechanisms and reduce the risk of cancer development (Ma and Chapman et al., 2014). However, the study did show that vitamin C may reduce side effects from treatment for women, yet, the sample s ize was too small which was unable to support the outcome. However, the expert from the study quoted that in order to find out if high-dose vitamin C has an effect on cancer cells, further studies and large clinical trials are needed to ensure safety and effectiveness (Ma and Chapman et al., 2014). Additionally, BBC may have been over analysed the press release from the University itself, as it claimed that ‘Researchers establish benefits of high-dose vitamin C for ovarian cancer patients’. This statement was supported via Park, 1985‘s research which stated that ‘vitamin c is involved in the mechanism of action of the intracellular oxidation state changes which is an identification of genes or protein synthesis.’. This suggested that vitamin C has the ability to regulate specific cellular phenotypes which potentially could improve the efficacy of cancer therapies. Nevertheless, the report stated that the vitamin C treatment worked along with standard chemotherapy drugs which slow down tumour growth in mouse studies, not human. Therefore, the benefits of high-dose vitamin C for cancer cells cannot be taken into account due to the fact that human and mouse have different types of genes and intracellular mechanism (Park, 1985). As a result, there ar e not any beneficial effects on human, but there are beneficial effects on mouse. In addition, within the small group of patients that were tested on, they have found fewer side-effects when vitamin C was given out along with the chemotherapy. According to WCRF and AICR‘s report on diet and ovarian cancers, it showed that vitamin C has no effect on ovarian cancer which do not decrease nor increase the risk of cancer. However, according to Part 2 evidence and judgements and Part three Recommendations chapter twelve- public health goals and personal recommendations from WCRF and AICR, it suggested that the population should consumption an average of non-starchy vegetables and of fruits to be at least 600g (21 oz) daily. This is because there are evidences that diets high in vegetable and fruits could protect against oesophagus cancer not ovarian cancer (Mikirova and Casciari et al., 2012). According to BBC, the researcher’s injected vitamin C into human ovarian cancer cells as well as mice in the laboratory conditions. BBC stated that ‘researchers found ovarian cancer cells were to be sensitive to vitamin C treatment, but normal cells were unharmed (De Laurenzi and Melino et al., 1995). High dosage of vitamin C could prevent cancer was originally suggested by chemist and double Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling in 1970s in which the clinical trial was abandoned due to failed to replicate the expected results to the theory behind vitamin C and cancer (Cameron and Pauling, 1979). The method used in the study was by injecting vitamin C straight into the bloodstream as it is safer, can be effective, low-cost (Head, 1998). The rate at which human body excrete vitamin C through oral ingestion is a lot faster than by injection through bloodstream (Cameron and Pauling, 1979). Furthermore, patients were not completely blind tested as most of them knew what they were given vitamin C and placebo, therefore, many physiological effects have been taken into account toward the analysis of results. In conclusion, due to lack of supportive evidences, vitamin C has no significant back story in supporting the evidence of beneficial effect on ovarian cancer even though from the study some beneficial effects did show on mice. Furthermore, the clinical trial was tested unfairly as participants knew about the comparison test with placebo, which might have had effected the results, in which the results are not accurate and reliable as the sample size was consisting of 22 participants. Nevertheless, the study did find moderate result from patients who have taken parts in the vitamin C trials; as a result, vitamin C might reduce the side effects of chemotherapy. References Bandera and Era, C. A. 2005. Advances in the understanding of risk factors for ovarian cancer. The Journal of reproductive medicine, 50 (6), pp. 399406. Bender, D. A. 1993. An introduction to nutrition and metabolism. London: UCL Press. Cameron, E. and Pauling, L. 1979. Cancer and vitamin C. Combs, G. F. 2012. The vitamins. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. De Laurenzi, V., Melino, G., Savini, I., Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli, M., Finazzi-Agro, A. and Avigliano, L. 1995. Cell death by oxidative stress and ascorbic acid regeneration in human neuroectodermal cell lines. European Journal of Cancer, 31 (4), pp. 463466. Ehrlich, P. F., Teitelbaum, D. H., Hirschl, R. B. and Rescorla, F. 2007. Excision of large cystic ovarian tumors: combining minimal invasive surgery techniques and cancer surgery—the best of both worlds. Journal of pediatric surgery, 42 (5), pp. 890893. Head, K. 1998. Ascorbic acid in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Alternative medicine review: a journal of clinical therapeutic, 3 (3), pp. 174186. Hunn, J. and Rodriguez, G. C. 2012. Ovarian cancer: etiology, risk factors, and epidemiology. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 55 (1), pp. 323. Jemal, A., Bray, F., Center, M. M., Ferlay, J., Ward, E. and Forman, D. 2011. Global cancer statistics. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 61 (2), pp. 6990. King, R. A., Rotter, J. I. and Motulsky, A. G. 1992. The Genetic basis of common diseases. New York: Oxford University Press. Kushi, L. H., Byers, T., Doyle, C., B, Era, E. V., Mccullough, M., Gansler, T., Andrews, K. S. and Thun, M. J. 2006. American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 56 (5), pp. 254281. Ma, Y., Chapman, J., Levine, M., Polireddy, K., Drisko, J. and Chen, Q. 2014. High-Dose Parenteral Ascorbate Enhanced Chemosensitivity of Ovarian Cancer and Reduced Toxicity of Chemotherapy. Science translational medicine, 6 (222), pp. 2221822218. Mendelsohn, J. 2008. The molecular basis of cancer. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. Mikirova, N., Casciari, J., Rogers, A., Taylor, P. and Others. 2012. Effect of high-dose intravenous vitamin C on inflammation in cancer patients. J Transl Med, 10 p. 189. Naidu, K. A. 2003. Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery? An overview. Nutrition Journal, 2 (1), p. 7. Park, C. H. 1985. Biological nature of the effect of ascorbic acids on the growth of human leukemic cells. Cancer research, 45 (8), pp. 39693973. Park, S. 2013. The effects of high concentrations of vitamin C on cancer cells. Nutrients, 5 (9), pp. 34963505. Schram, F. R. and Ng, P. K. 2012. What is Cancer?. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 32 (4), pp. 665672. Vo, C. and Carney, M. E. 2007. Ovarian cancer hormonal and environmental risk effect. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 34 (4), pp. 687700. Vobecky, J., Vobecky, J., Shapcott, D., Cloutier, D., Lafond, R. and Blanchard, R. 1975. Vitamins C and E in spontaneous abortion. International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin-und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 46 (3), pp. 291296. WCRF- AICR Diet and Cancer Report. 2014. [online] Available at: http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/cancer_resource_center/downloads/chapters/chapter_12.pdf [Accessed: 10 Mar 2014]. Zobel, M. 1976. Toxicological Evaluation of Some Food Additives Including Anticaking Agents, Antimicrobials, Antioxidants, Emulsifiers and Thickening Agents. Who Food Additives Series, No. 5. 520 Seiten. Geneva 1974. Preis: Sw. fr. 23,—. Food/Nahrung, 20 (6), pp. 681682.

Effects of Income Inequality on Quality of Healthcare Essays -- The In

Positive rights are rights that everyone is entitled to including: the right to a public education, access to public roads, and the right to health care. There are no guarantees when it comes to life, but having health insurance makes a huge difference with preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases. Of course having insurance itself is a great resource to ensure medical care and containing costs, but not all insurance programs are created equal. Insurance programs have caveats, exclusions, varying co-payments, and access to certain doctors and hospitals, which creates an ethical dilemma. Receiving the best care is subjective in most cases, but with money you can buy almost anything, including the best care. Although those living in poverty are given access to healthcare, that does not mean they receive the best or equal care as those who are wealthy. Living in a capitalist society, the richest Americans enjoy larger homes, nicer cars, better education and even health care. Even if we lived in a capitalist society where everyone had access to the same basic healthcare program, the rich would still be able to afford better care. The wealthy are able to pay more in co-payments, prescription costs, and the ability to go outside of the healthcare system in this country to seek help. When you have the disposable resources then the sky is the limit, where the poor have very limited options. They will be confined to their healthcare coverage program and do not have the luxury of seeking additional assistance. â€Å"Poor patients often receive less quality care in the hospital, have more barriers to recovery, and experience higher morbidity and mortality than do patients with higher incomes† (Dracup). The United States is ... ...ndards and practices are more uniform based on circumstance and not based on loopholes, exceptions or lack of insurance. Everyone should be given the same preventive care and be able to receive the same treatment options regardless of location, income, or age. Competition in the marketplace can be good, but there are many complexities with healthcare and many people can slip through the cracks and others can be shortchanged. Works Cited C. Wayne Sells and Robert Wm. Blum, "Morbidity and Mortality among US Adolescents: An Overview of Data and Trends," AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH Vol. 86, No. 4 (April, 1996), pgs. 513-519. R. Wilkinson and K. Pickett, The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger, Bloomsbury Press, NY, 2009, in particular pages 49- 173. Income Inequalities , Health and the Garrison State by Christopher Schaefer